（全文见PDF版） 美 国 研 究 季 刊 1990年第2期 AMERICAN STUDIES 第4卷 6月25日出版 国会选举与金钱 张毅（7） 六十年代以来美国政党制度的连续性与变化 师枫燕（27） 　　——《美国的政党和政治》译后 五十年代中期美国政府内部在对华贸易政策问题上的讨论 贾庆国（59） 美国不愿谈判裁减海军原因初探 黄椿、李俊芳（72） 美国政府的环境保护政策 茅于轼（93） 从美国对外技术转让的特点看中国的技术引进 孙海顺（111） 美国黑人奴隶纪实文学 施咸荣（123） 美国中产阶级风俗及情操的记事人——约翰·契弗 丛郁（138） 中美关系在转折的年代 何迪（153） 　　——《从赫尔利到马歇尔》读后 本期责任编辑: 金灿荣 编辑出版 中华美国学 中国社会科学院美国研究所 照排 中国社会科学院美国研究所 印刷装钉 北京新华印刷厂 发行、订阅处 中国社会科学院美国研究所 北京建国门内大街5号 刊号 ISSN1002-8986/CN11-1170／C@ 国外代号 Q1122 国外发行 中国国际图书贸易总公司 北京399信箱 定价: 国内版1.75元 国际版2.50美元（邮费在外） AMERICAN STUDIES Summer 1990 Vol. 4, No. 2 CONTENTS MONEY AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS Zhang Yi（7） Money matters in congressional elections. It is a necessary, though not sufficient, condition for successful congressional campaigns. That being so, candidates and voters with more financial resources have more influence on the outcomes of congressional races, thus constituting a dilution of the one man, one vote principle. Campaign finance reforms in the 1970s have not solved this disturbing problem. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OF THE U.S. PARTY SYSTEM Shi Fengyan（27） This essay is an introduction to the Chinese translation of Clinton Rossiter's Parties and Politics in America. It describes the continuity and change of the political party system in the United States in the 30 years since Rossiter's book was published, with particular emphasis on the decisive impact of the political culture on the basic characteristics of the U.S. party system. DISCUSSIONS WITHIN U.S. GOVERNMENT ON TRADE POLICY TOWARDS CHINA IN THE MID-50s Jia Qingguo（59） From the signing of the Korean Armistice in 1953 to the Ambassadorial Talks in 1957, the Eisenhower Administration stuck to its policy of trade embargo against China and tried hard to prevent other countries from loosening restrictions on their China trade. However, there were different opinions within the U.S. government and among its allies. AMERICA'S RELUCTANCE TO NEGOTIATE ON NAVY REDUCTION Huang Chun ＆ Li Junfang（72） The need to protect its foreign trade routes, the desire to extract concessions from the USSR, the fact that sea-based nuclear forces are the most important part of the U.S. nuclear weaponry and that the navy is an effective means to deal with the third world, these are all reasons why the United States is reluctant to negotiate an agreement on navy reduction. U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Mao Yushi（93） Environmental protection has become a matter of first importance to the whole world. Questions dealt with in this paper include the historical evolution and achievements of the U.S. government policy on and the economic benefits of environmental protection. The author argues that morality, in addition to economic measures, has an important role to play in improving the environment. AMERICA'S TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND CHINA'S IMPORTATION OF TECHNOLOGY Sun Haishun（111） The United States has long been the biggest exporter of technology in the world. This essay describes the particular features of U.S. technology transfer, studies the U.S. role in China's technology importation and its changes, and offers views about the future prospects of U.S. techonology transfer to China, stressing that changes in the bilateral political relations are of utmost importance in this regard. SLAVE NARRATIVES IN THE UNITED STATES Shi Xianrong（123） Slave narrative as a literary genre had been slighted for centuries. In the 1960s, thanks to the efforts by young Afro-American scholars such as Charles H. Nichols and William L. Andrews, it was revaluated and has since acquired growing importance in Afro-American literature. This essay examines the development and performance of slave narratives in the 3 different periods: 1760-1865; 1865-1930; and the so-called "neoslave narratives" as a post-60s phenomenon. JOHN CHEEVER: A NARRATOR OF THE CUSTOMS AND SENTIMENTS OF THE U.S. MIDDLE CLASS Cong Yu（138） In spite of the seemingly dominance of the modernistic literature in post-war America, there are still many writers who cling to traditional realism. John Cheever would be one example. As a New Yorker type of novelist, he pays particular attention to the details and his works are an accurate reflection of the social customs and sentiments of the middle class in America. A REVIEW OF NIU JUN'S FROM HURLEY TO MARSHALL He Di（153） This book by Niu Jun makes three major contributions to the study of the history of Sino-U.S. relations. It provides the new perspectives and views of the Chinese scholars on this period of time. It stresses the dynamic interactions among the United States, the Soviet Union, the KMT and the CCP. And it includes newly released materials about the evolution of the CCP' policy towards the United States. AMERICAN STUDIES, a quarterly, is published jointly by the Chinese Association for American Studies, and the Institute of American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The content of the articles in this journal should not be construed as reflecting the views either of the Association or the Institute.