AMERICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY Winter 2007, Vol. 21, No. 4 ARTICLES An Analysis of the Core Concepts of the Bush Administration's Security Policy toward China Wu Xinbo (7) The article analyzes three basic concepts that affect the Bush Administration's security policy toward China - “dissuasion,” “hedging,” and “deterrence.” “Dissuasion” is aimed at preventing China from engaging in military competition with the United States. “Hedging” is to deal with the “uncertainties” of China's strategic trend. “Deterrence” is to prevent China from using force over Taiwan. The author holds that American security policy toward China guided by these concepts has increased pressure on China's security, intensified the instability of the Taiwan Strait area, and made a negative impact on the political and security structure of the region. It goes against the Sino-US development trend and will cause tensions within the framework of America's China policy. Therefore, an adjustment is inevitable. New Urbanism and Americas Urban Planning Lin Guang(23) Since the end of WWII suburbanization has developed rapidly in the United States. The sprawling of cities has become the trend in urbanization and has led to the decrease in population in central cities, the increase in population in the suburbs. This trend has also caused unruly expansion of urban areas and the emergence of urban and suburban ills. To counter this trend, urban planners have done a lot of work to reduce the harms to human life by these ills. The most effective work is the theory and practice of new urbanism. This article discusses the relationship between new urbanism and Americas urban planning. It holds that new urbanism emphasizes the concepts of traditional neighborhood and pedestrian blocs, and pays attention to the ultimate goals of human life. It is an attempt to control the sprawling of cities, to restore neighborhood relations, and to promote a healthy development of cities. It plays an active role in urban planning but cannot reverse the trend in urban planning caused by automobiles. Differentiated Institutional Treatment and the “Takeoff” of American Economy Gao Cheng(38) On the basis of the game theory in political economy, this article analyzes the action and reaction between merchant groups and the government, and discusses the causes of the “take-off” of American economy. The article holds that after the founding of the United States, through legislation and the trade and financial policies of protective tariff and national bank pursued by the government, the federal government gave the industrial and commercial groups special institutional support. With the support and protection of the government, American businesses established their own systems and this process was paralleled with the expansion of the strength of the country and the increase in government power. Long-term cooperation between the government and the merchants promoted the establishment of industries and trade structure, which promised potential growth and the establishment of the capital market. This ensured the rise of American economy. A Study of Extraterritoriality Jurisdiction of American Anti-trust Law Wang Zhongmei(56) The United States was the first country to raise and justify extraterritoriality jurisdiction of anti-trust laws. The “principle of consequence” established in American anti-trust case rulings extends the jurisdiction of anti- trust laws to areas outside of the country, and this practice is followed by China and many other countries. Meanwhile, the United States exercises the principle of “rational jurisdiction” to restrict the overextension of the use of extraterritoriality jurisdiction of anti-trust laws. However, the expansion of the use has become a growing trend in recent years. Partisan Politics and the Evolution of American Trade Policy Tu Xinquan(67) The decision-making process of American trade policy reflects a continuous partisan struggle. Since the two parties represent different interest groups, the nature of American trade policy tends to change, depending on which party controls the White House or Congress. Changes of constituency interest will also cause changes in their attitude toward trade. In the 1970s, the Democratic Party changed from supporting free trade to advocating trade protection while the Republicans switched to supporting free trade. In the beginning of the 21st century, with the adjustment of American industrial structure and political alignment and the deepening of involvement in globalization, the two parties have made adjustments in their positions on trade, thus bringing about greater complications in trade policy. American Protectionism: A Public-Congress-Administration Analysis Framework —A Case Study of the Sino-U.S. Trade Frictions Ni Shixiong and Li Shujun(81) The authors develop a new public-Congress-administration model to analyze American protectionism theoretically, and demonstrate it with the latest cases in the Sino-US trade friction. According to this model, the common interests among these three factors engender American protectionism. It is true of American trade policy to China. The Decision of Long-term Stationing of American Troops in Japan Kong Chenxu(95) After the World War II, the conflict between the Defense Department and the State Department over long-term stationing of American troops in Japan and the early conclusion of the Peace Treaty with Japan reflected not only the different identifications of the role of Japan but also the principle of military consideration taking priority. Meanwhile, General MacArthur exerted a great influence on bridging the difference between Defense and State and reaching an agreement between them. The Mechanization of Agriculture and the Transformation of Agricultural System in the Post-Bellum American South Meng Haiquan(106) Based on historical data, the author argues that between the 1920s and the 1960s the small-scale tenant farm system in the American South, based on the labor mode of individual family, was gradually transformed into a largescale modern capitalist farm system based on the labor mode of employment. The author stresses that the basic force of the transformation is the mechanization of agriculture. REVIEWS An In-depth Cultural Analysis of American Foreign policy：Comments on Wang Lixin's Ideology and American Foreign Policy Wang Xiaode(116) Double Game Play in China's Peaceful Rise—On China: Fragile Superpower by Susan L. Shirk Zhong Longbiao and Wang Jun(128) New Label for the Bush Doctrine: Moral Democratic Realism—On In Defence of the Bush Doctrine by Robert G. Kaufman Wang Chuanxing(136) ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES A Summary of “Dialogue and Exchange: Sino-US Cooperative Forum” Yuan Zheng(146) A Summary of the international symposium “America after 9/11: Change and Continuity” He Xingqiang(149) A Summary of the Symposium “East Asia Cooperative Forum 2007: East Asia and the US in Transition” Yang Yang(151) New Books(154) 2007 American Studies Quarterly Index(157) Editor's Note(160) Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life.