AMERICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY Summer 2002，Vol. 16, No. 2 ARTICLES The September 11 Events and American Conservatism Hao Yufan(7) Since the mid1990s, American conservatism has been on the rise. George W. Bush has used the fight against terrorism since September 11, 2001, to boost the “compassionate conservative” themes in America. By expanding the executive power, eroding certain civil liberties, and tightening social and immigration controls, he is pursuing the traditional GOP agenda. This has aroused resistance from liberals. As Bush is more effectively deploying the political capital accrued from the antiterrorist war to resurrect the conservative movement, a more assertive executive branch and a relatively less opened society may emerge. From “Double Containments” to “Double Regulations”: A Historical Investigation of the Postwar U.S.ROK Alliance Wang Chuanjian (31) The discussion of this article is centered on the postwar structural readjustments and functional changes in the U.S.ROK security alliance. To have a clear understanding of the nature and future of the alliance, we should study the historical continuity shown in the transformation from double containments (containing North Korea and communism) to double regulations (regulating North Korea and bigger nations surrounding the Peninsula). The United States persistence in stationing forces in South Korea even after the “North Korean threat” disappears in the future not only directly demonstrates its strategy in AsiaPacific security, but also shows the coping of policy with new security situation in the future. This foretells that a new framework is being planned for the U.S.ROK alliance in which the United States will redefine its role. The Evolution of U.S. Policy for Japanese Economic Revival Deng Feng (47) U.S. policy for Japanese economic revival was an inevitable outcome of global U.S. Cold War strategy. Under the restriction of various factors, the policy had different priorities in different periods since the Truman administration. At first, the United States supported the limited trade between Japan and China and helped Japan in developing markets in Southeast Asia. After the outbreak of the Korean War, only the role of Southeast Asia was emphasized. In the later stage of the Truman administration, the policy laid equal stress on Southeast Asian and Western markets. After Eisenhower resumed power Washingtons policy first placed emphasis on Southeast Asia and finally paid a good deal of attention to Western markets while promoting Japan into the GATT. All these fully show a strong ideological color in American diplomacy, especially in forging a special relationship with Japan in the postwar era. Media and the Congressional Election in American Politics Sun Zhe & Shen Guolin (64) This paper analyzes the role media play in American politics, particularly in Congressional elections. It describes campaign strategies and medias function in midterm elections. Means of communication between candidates, media, and voters are explored to illustrate the trend of “marketization” of Congressional elections and the complicated relationship between media and the Congress. By investigating into both positive interactions as well as confrontations, the authors demonstrate how and to what extent the media have “manipulated” the Congressional elections. Reasons are combed to show the mixed features of Congressional electoral reform. The Environmental Issue in U.S. National Security Bo Yan (79) The author holds that environmental security is an important component of the U.S. national security. Since environmental problems pose real and potential threats to national security, they are considered security problems. Although the United States leads other nations in the policy and practice of defense environmental security, the pursuance of its own interests excessively in international relations may disrupt the cooperation in environmental issues. The China Outlook of Franklin Roosevelt Zhao Zhihui (93) Proceeding from his diplomatic thinking and American national interests and basing on his profound understanding of China, President Franklin Roosevelt raised the idea of big power status for China during the Second World War. He did not understand the nature of Chinas revolution, however. His view of Chiang Kaishek brought about serious harm on the Sino-U.S. relationship. Despite his rather objective understanding of the Communist Party of China, his ideological estrangement led him to abandon the recognition and support of the communist party. Being progressive in a certain sense, the Roosevelts China outlook had very great limitations. The New Negro Cultural Movement Huang Weifeng(109) The New Negro Cultural Movement of the early twentieth century was one of the great cultural events in the history of black Americans. By means of reviving blacks culture and self-esteem, the new black intellectuals strived for the fusion of blacks and whites or blacks dissolving into the American society in an enlightenment movement after the First World War. This laid the foundation for the later civil rights movement of black Americans and the negritude in the world. REVIEWS Freedom, an Unfinished American Story: Comments on The Story of American Freedom by Eric Foner Wang Xi(121) Remarks on U.S. Supreme Court Ren Donglai(130) Worrying about Order: Comments on The Great Disruption: Human Nature and The Reconstitution of Social Order by Francis Fukuyama Zhang Liping(142) Comments on Struggle between Two Roads in the Early Stage of Modernization in America He Xin(147) ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES A Younger Scholars Workshop Liu Deshou(152) New Books(154) Editor's Note(160)