（全文见PDF版） 美国研究 AMERICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY 季刊第19卷2005年第2期6月5日出版 从美国总统就职演说看美国的变与不变资中筠(7) 中美危机行为比较分析王缉思徐辉 (22) 美国传媒眼中的伊拉克战争：批评报道角度的考察李斯颐 (47) 2004年美国大选剖析张业亮 (65) 试论美国外交史上的对外干预王立新 (90) ——兼论自由主义意识形态对美国对外干预的影响 美国在中亚-里海地区的能源政策评析罗振兴(116) 〇 书评·文评 对美国的立体研究 ——《资中筠集》述评杨玉圣(138) 美欧分歧与“适应霸权” ——罗伯特·卡根《天堂与实力：新世界秩序中的 美国与欧洲》评介储昭根任东来(152) 著述巡礼(159) 编后(160) AMERCIAN STUDIES QUARTERLY Volume 19Number 2Summer 2005 Wang Jisi Hu Guocheng Zhao Mei Li Hui Editor Associate Editor Managing Editor Editorial Technican Board of Advisers Chen Baosen, Chen Xiaogong, Deng Shusheng, Ding Xinghao, Dong Hengxun, Gu Guoliang, Jin Canrong, Li Daokui, Mao Yushi, Niu Jun, Tao Wenzhao, Wang Xi, Wang Yizhou, Wu Zhan, Yang Yusheng, Yuan Ming, Zhang Youlun, Zhang Yuyan, Zhao Yifan, Zhou Qi, Zhu Shida, Zi Zhongyun AERMICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY is published jointly by the Chinese Association for American Studies and the Institute of American Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The content of the articles in this journal should not be construed as reflecting the views of either the Association or the Institute. MANUSCRIPTS SHOULD BE SENT TO: American Studies Quarterly at the Institute of American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Addr. Dong Yuan, No. 3 Zhang Zizhong Rd., Beijing 100007, China). SUSCRIPTIONS: call (8610) 6400-0071 Fax: (8610) 6400-0021 Email: zhaomei@cass.org.cn http://www.mgyj.com ISSN1002-8986Copyright 1987-2005 American Studies Quarterly Printed in Beijing, China AMERICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY Summer 2005, Vol. 19, No. 2 ARTICLES Change and Constancy as Seen in the Inauguration Speeches of American Presidents Zi Zhongyun (7) Read carefully the inauguration speeches of the fortythree U.S. presidents and you will see the course of American historical development in the past 200 years and more. The founding principles and spirit that have run through the whole course can be seen clearly and the changes in different periods are also shown. What is consistent is the supreme position of the Constitution and the basic social system. Within this framework, domestic and foreign policies evolve. How big is the role of the president at every historical turning point? The general conclusion is that “the times produce their heroes.” The American system determines that the power and role of any individual is limited. However, the personal inclination of the Founding Fathers exerted great influence on the founding of the Republic. It is especially true with George Washington. If we say the independence of America and the founding of the United States were a historical inevitability, then having Washington as the Founding Father was a blessing for the Americans. Looking back at Washington and comparing G. W. Bush with him, we may find that America has moved very far away from what George Washington stood for. A Comparison of Chinese and American Crisis Behavior Wang Jisi and Xu Hui(22) This article discusses the basic features and major factors affecting crisis behavior of the two sides in the political and military crises between China and the United States since the Korean War, and compares the basic concepts and principles followed by the two countries in crisis management. The authors hold that in order to avoid the occurrence of major crisis between the two countries, it is necessary to clearly define the nature of bilateral relations and to avoid the rekindling the “enemy image.” The two sides need to have deeper understanding of the decisionmaking mechanism and concept of crisis management of the other side and provide rational guidance to public opinion. On bilateral issues and issues affecting a third party, it is necessary to improve direct communication channels between the two governments and establish crisis prevention mechanism. The important principles China has been following in handling crises with the United States are: “despise the enemy strategically and take it seriously tactically,” and “in struggle we should be on the side of justice, the struggle should be to our advantage, and we should handle the struggle with restraint.” Under current circumstances, these principles should be supplemented. The Iraq War in the Eyes of American Media: A Survey from the Angle of Critical Reporting Li Siyi(47) In terms of “embedded Ground Rules,” the article discusses such issues as American governments control measures in the reporting of the Iraq War, the interactions between the government and the media in the war, media reports of the war and the new features of the media. The article holds that embedded reporting in the Iraq War has a number of features that have not been seen in past war reporting. These features are: the reporter is embedded with a military unit so he is more deeply involved; with the help of high technology, reporting is much faster; the number of reporters involved is very big, including media people from countries opposing the war; there is high visibility and openness. The article also holds that despite the large amount of negative and critical reports, the media cannot shed its responsibility in the governments goitalone policy of embarkation on the road to war. An Analysis of the 2004 Election in the United States Zhang Yeliang(65) On the basis of the analysis of the environment and features of the 2004 presidential election with the help of scientific method, the article discusses the causes for the victory of Bush and the Republican Party, the impact of the victory on American political environment, parties and elective politics and the orientation of domestic and foreign policies in Bushs second term. The article holds that the 2004 election was an allround victory for Bush and the Republican Party. In essence, this is the result of a longterm evolution of American election politics since the disintegration of “New Deal Alliance” and also a reflection of the growing conservative trend in American society. The significance of the election lay in the fact that it signified that the gaining of strength of conservatism will be the basic trend for the coming four years. The election also consolidated the majority role of the Republican Party in Congress, strengthened the power and influence of the presidency and intensified partisan struggle in Congress. As to whether this election was a “crucial election,” we still need to see the result of the midterm election in 2006 and especially the result of the general election in 2008, to see if the Republican Party will continue to maintain control of the presidency and the two chambers of Congress. Intervention in American Diplomatic History Wang Lixin(90) The article describes and analyzes the evolution of American attitude toward its intervention in international politics and other countries’ internal affairs through the perspectives of political culture and national security. According to the author, the US had opposed and avoided interfering in international affairs until the end of the 19th century. The SpanishAmerican War began the age of limited and selective interventions in American foreign relations, which mainly focused on the affairs of Latin American countries. After the end of World War Two, on the basis of anticommunism as a national security doctrine the US intervention in international affairs became globalized. American intervention in the international affairs takes roots both in its search for power and interest and its unique political culture based on the concept of liberty. In the postCold War era, national security requirement, the ideal of exporting democracy and the expectation of low cost in intervention constitute the determinants of whether a policy of intervention should be adopted or not. Analysis of American Energy Policy in the Central AsiaCaspian Sea Region Luo Zhenxing(116) American energy policy in the Central AsiaCaspian Sea region is an important component of its international energy policy. The author argues that the policy is not intended to indirectly meet American’s domestic energy demand, but is aimed at the goals of its long term energy strategy, including ensuring the global energy’s demand and supply equilibrium, reducing the uncertainty of oil price and securing diversity of supply etc, and meet the goals of U.S. foreign strategy in the region. But American government will face many difficulties in the fulfillment of the goals of the policy except for business interests. REVIEWS A Review of Collective Works of Zi Zhonyun Yang Yusheng(138) A Review of Robert Kagans Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order Chu Zhaogen and Ren Donglai(152) New Books(159) Editor's Note(160) Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life.