（全文见PDF版） 美国研究 AMERICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY 季刊第17卷2003年第2期6月5日出版 沉痛悼念李慎之先生本刊编辑部(7) ○专论 美国历史上的“国家利益”问题王希(9) 保守主义外交理念与里根政府的对外军事干预政策陈东晓 (31) 保守理念与美国联邦最高法院胡晓进任东来 (48) ——以1889-1937年的联邦最高法院为中心 美国关于危机管理的理论与实践夏立平 (73) ——以中美关系为例 人口因素与切萨皮克地区奴隶制的演变高春常 （87） ○美国人论美国 负责任的公民李侃如（114） ○书评·文评 探析美国宪法修正案的注释李道揆(119) 市场经济、民主体制和种族仇视秦亚青(128) ——读《燃烧的世界》 探索中国美国史学发展的路径李剑鸣（136） ——读杨生茂教授的《探径集》 基金会与美国精神任晓（151） ——读资中筠教授的《散财之道：美国现代公益基金会述评》 ○学术动态 “面向21世纪的美国和中国”国际学术研讨会在天津举行李爱慧(157) “中国的崛起与变化中的亚太秩序”研讨会在昆明召开王荣军(157) ○著述巡礼(159) 编后(160) AMERCIAN STUDIES QUARTERLY Volume 17Number 2Summer 2003 Wang Jisi Hu Guocheng Zhao Mei Editor Associate Editor Managing Editor Board of Advisers Chen Baosen, Chen Xiaogong, Deng Shusheng, Ding Xinghao, Dong Hengxun, Gu Guoliang, Jin Canrong, Li Daokui, Mao Yushi, Niu Jun, Tao Wenzhao, Wang Xi, Wang Yizhou, Wu Zhan, Yang Yusheng, Yuan Ming, Zhang Youlun, Zhang Yuyan, Zhao Yifan, Zhou Qi, Zhu Shida, Zi Zhongyun AERMICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY is published jointly by the Chinese Association for American Studies and the Institute of American Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The content of the articles in this journal should not be construed as reflecting the views of either the Association or the Institute. MANUSCRIPTS SHOULD BE SENT TO: American Studies Quarterly at the Institute of American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Addr. Dong Yuan, No. 3 Zhang Zizhong Rd., Beijing 100007, China). SUSCRIPTIONS: call (8610) 6400-0071 Fax: (8610) 6400-0021 Email: zhaomei@isc.cass.net.cn http://www.mgyj.com ISSN1002-8986Copyright 2003 American Studies Quarterly Printed in Beijing, China AMERICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY Summer 2003Vol. 17, No. 2 Deep Grief over the Death of Mr. Li ShenzhiThe Editorial Board(7) ARTICLES The Issue of National Interest in American HistoryWang Xi (9) On the basis of domestic support in the United States of the recent Iraqi war, the essay explores several issues concerning the concept of the National Interest, including the definition of the concept, its connotations in different periods of American history, and its relation to the issue of national identity in contemporary American society. The author argues that the historical construct of the National Interest has been a result of constant interplays of statebuilding and nationbuilding processes in American history. The author also argues that the comprehensive penetration of the modern state and market into the civil society contributes vitally to the emerging trend of nationalizing the citizens interests, which in turn generates national consensus on the nations foreign policy. Conservative Foreign Policy Thinking and the Reagan Administrations International Military InterventionChen Dongxiao (31) The Reagan administrations policy of overseas military intervention was largely influenced and constrained by two important cognitive factors. The first was Reagans foreign policymaking teams perception of the threat to America posed by the Soviet Union. The second was the “lessons” of the Vietnam War. By analyzing the strategic guideline, policy preference, and the debate within the Reagan administration regarding the use of American military force abroad, this article explores the role and contribution of the two cognitive factors in the process of translating the conservative foreign policy thinking into specific military intervention practices. The discussion concludes with some comments on G.W. Bushs policy on the use of American military force in the post9/11 era. Conservatism in the United States Supreme Court, 1889-1937Hu Xiaojin and Ren Donglai (48) In the period of 1889-1937, the Supreme Court of the United States was noted for its conservatism as well as judicial activism. The conservatism and judicial activism was embodied vividly in a series of cases decided by the Supreme Court. On domestic affairs, the Supreme Court favored the economic “substantive due process” in the stateindividual (corporation) relationship and “dual federalism” in the federalstate relationship. On foreign affairs, however, the Supreme Court supported the broad interpretations by both Congress to and the President of their respective powers, which gave much authorization to the President. This facilitated the formation of an “administrationcentered realist” foreign policy and speeded up the transformation from “congressional government” to “imperial presidency.” One century has passed, and conservatism is once again dominating the performance of the Rehnquist Court today. The historical synthesis offered in this article might be helpful in understanding the contemporary judicial conservatism. Theory and Practice of Crisis Management in the United States —A Case Study of U.S.China Crisis ManagementXia Liping (73) Starting with the Cold War, the United States has gradually developed a set of theories, mechanisms and methods of crisis management. U.S.China crisis management is an important component of U.S. crisis management in international politics. In managing U.S.China crises, the U.S. government has not only employed general theory and mechanism of crisis management, but also developed some unique guidelines and methods. All these have made important impacts on the practices of U.S.China crisis control. Since the end of the Cold War, China and the United States have accumulated in practice some experiences in crisis management and have begun to establish mechanisms to control the damages. However, because of the differences between their political systems, cultures and traditions, the current mechanisms of crisis management of the two countries are very different. It will take a long time for them to adapt to each other in this field. The main factors affecting U.S.China crisis management include the gap between their respective national strength and national interests, structures of crisis, international strategies of the two countries, domestic politics, alliances and coalitions, cultures, and values. Demographical Factors and the Evolution of Slavery in the ChesapeakeGao Chunchang (87) In colonial North America, the development of tobacco in the Chesapeake led to a continuous increase in the slave population and the expansion of slavery into other areas and in the end the slave population in this area began to show a tendency of natural increase. The changing demographical factor, in turn, gave impetus to great social changes in the efficiency of slavery, the legal systems, and the black culture in the Chesapeake. AMERICANS ON AMERICA Responsible Citizenship Kenneth Lieberthal(114) REVIEWS A Probe into the Notes of the Amendments of American ConstitutionLi DaoKui(119) Market Economy, Democratic System, and Ethnic Hatred — introducing World On Fire: How Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability by Amy ChuQin Yaqing(128) A Search for the Path of Development of American History Studies in China — introducing Path Seeking by Yang ShengmaoLi Jianming(136) Foundation and American Spirit — introducing A Way to Distribute Wealth: Review of Contemporary American Public Fund Foundations by Zi ZhongyunRen Xiao(151) ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES International Symposium on “The United States and China into the 21st Century” held in TianjinLi Aihui(157) International Symposium on “The Rise of China and the Changing Order of the Asia Pacific Region” held in KunmingWang Rongjun(157) New Books(159) Editors Note(160) Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life.