（全文见PDF版） 美国研究 季刊1998年第4期 AMERICAN STUDIES 第12卷12月5日出版 何谓美国历史?王希(7) ——围绕《全国历史教学标准》引起的辩论 宗教在美国社会中的地位裴孝贤 (41) 大都市区化：本世纪美国城市发展的主导趋势王旭 (65) 美国毒品问题初探高英东 (78) 美国妇女史研究的新特点：论妇女的不团结刘军 (98) 关于美国对华门户开放政策的几个问题董小川(114) ○书评 面对二十世纪科技时代的困惑盛宁(133) ——《亨利·亚当斯的教育》述评 国际政治研究的路标王勇(139) ——评王逸舟新著《西方国际政治学：历史与理论》 对国际关系的一种女性主义诠释石斌(147) ——评《国际关系中的社会性别》 ○新书架(154) 1998年《美国研究》总目录(157) 编后(160) 本期责任编辑：赵梅 本杂志刊登的论文在美国Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life上登有摘要和索引。 编辑出版 中华美国学会 中国社会科学院美国研究所 照排中国社会科学院美国研究所 印刷装钉北京怀柔新华印刷厂 发行、订阅处中国社会科学院美国研究所 （100007北京张自忠路3号东院） 刊号ISSN1002-8986 CN11-1170／C 国外代号Q1122 国外发行中国国际图书贸易总公司北京399信箱 定价： 国内版4.00元 国际版3.00美元（邮费在外） AMERICAN STUDIES Winter 1998，Vol. 12, No. 4 ARTICLES WHAT HISTORY IS U.S. HISTORY? THE DEBATES OVER THE NATIONAL HISTORY STANDARDSWang Xi(7) Discussing the debate in the United States over the National History Standards ( NHS), the paper traces the origins of the NHS, analyzes its contents and examine s the scholastic and political circumstances behind the debate. The author regar ds the NHS as an important effort by American historians and educators to reshap e history education. He maintains that, by recognizing the diverse origins of th e nation and presenting the historical experience of different Americans, the NH S c reates a new national consciousness of Americas past. Yet the controversies on the NHS, together with the broader debate over the nations commonalities, sug gests that the definition of U.S. history is far from being settled. THE PLACE OF RELIGION IN AMERICAN SOCIETYDonald M. Bishop (41) Survey data indicates high levels of religious belief and practice in the United States. Although the American “moral baseline” is Judaeo-Christian, religion' s sway in regulating American morals and behavior has been weakening. Congregati ons are, however, “incubators of civic virtue” and “gateways” to political a nd social participation, especially by the disadvantaged and poor. Evidence that a fourth historical “awakening” is underway is not yet persuasive. The origin s of the “religious right” in American politics can be found in social changes . American religiosity, however, is not well communicated in the forms of cultur e - news and entertainment - accessed overseas. METROPOLITANIZATION: THE MAIN TREND OF AMERICAN URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURYWang Xu (65) Many scholars concluded that large American cities were on the wane when the pop ulation of suburban areas first exceeded that of urban areas in the 1970s. By analyzing the history of American metropolitan districts, one finds that the mai n trend in American urbanization in the 20th century is the development of metro politan districts, especially large ones. The horizontal expansion centered on m etropolises, enlarging their urban and suburban areas continually and raising th e level of urbanization uninterruptedly, can also be called metropolitanization. THE DRUG PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATESGao Yingdong (78) The United States is confronted by the gravest drug problem in the world. It run s rampant because of deep and complicated political, economic, social, and geogr aphical factors. This article makes an analysis of the issue and describes the new features of drug abuse in the United States. A NEW FEATURE OF THE STUDY OF AMERICAN WOMENS HISTORY: ON WOMENS DISUNITYLiu Jun (98) Since the 1980s, scholars in the study of American womens history have beco me interested in the disunity within womens groups and started to analyze the social, political, economic and cultural factors that have caused such a phenome non. All historians of American womens affairs, in theory and practice, have t o face the reality that womens gender consciousness cannot be separated from t heir racial, class and cultural consciousness. The recognition of the diversity of American womens interests results from a deeper study of American womens history, and shows the maturity of these historians in their work. AMERICAS OPENDOOR POLICY TOWARD CHINADong Xiaochuan(114) The article puts forward the following ideas concerning Americas opendoor p olicy toward China: (1)There were three (instead of two, as generally held) dipl o matic notes about this policy; (2) the policy was persistent; (3) the United Sta tes proposed to maintain Chinas sovereignty in 1902; (4) the policy had differ ent targets at different times; (5) the failure of the policy was mainly due to mistakes made by Americans themselves; (6) emphasis should be placed on the rela tionship between the United States and other powers in studying the opendoor i ssue. BOOK REVIEWS COMMENTS ON THE EDUCATION OF HENRY ADAMS Sheng Ning(133) A ROAD SIGN IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES: COMMENTS ON INTERNATIONAL POLITICS IN THE WEST: HISTORY AND THEORY BY WANG YIZHOUWang Yong(139) COMMENTS ON GENDER IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSShi Bin(147) NEW BOOKS(154) A GENERAL CATALOGUE OF ARTICLES IN AMERICAN STUDIES 1998(157) EDITOR'S NOTE (160) Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS and AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. AMERICAN STUDIES, a quarterly, is published jointly by the Chinese Association for American Studies and the Institute of American Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The content of the articles in this journal should not be construed as reflecting the views of either the Association or the Institute.