（全文见PDF版） 美国研究 季刊1996年第4期 AMERICAN STUDIES 第10卷12月5日出版 百年思想的冲击与撞击资中筠(7) 美国、赖伊与中国在联合国的代表权陶文钊 (30) ——写在中国恢复在联合国的席位二十五周年之前 论1995年美国预算大战蒋劲松 (47) 试论美国的“反扩散战略”张业亮 (76) 论新中国对美政策的形成牛军 (94) 国际政治中的对外干预时殷弘(111) ——兼论冷战后美国的对外干预 ○热点透视 美国大选和克林顿政府调整对华政策杨洁勉(128) ○短论 民族主义、石油危机与美国对伊朗的政策 (1951-1954)石斌(135) ○信息 “美国与东亚关系中的文化因素”国际学术 讨论会综述张立平(147) ○新书架(152) 1996年《美国研究》总目录(157) 编后(160) 本期责任编辑：赵梅 本杂志刊登的论文在美国Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life上登有摘要和索引。 编辑出版 中华美国学会 中国社会科学院美国研究所 照排中国社会科学院美国研究所 印刷装钉北京怀柔新华印刷厂 发行、订阅处中国社会科学院美国研究所 （100007北京张自忠路3号东院） 刊号ISSN1002-8986CN11-1170／C 国外代号Q1122 国外发行中国国际图书贸易总公司北京399信箱 定价： 国内版4.00元 国际版3.00美元（邮费在外） AMERICAN STUDIES Winter 1996Vol. 10, No. 4 ARTICLES A HUNDRED YEARS OF IDEOLOGICAL IMPACT AND CLASH IN SINO-U.S. RELATIONS Zi Zhongyun(7) One basic urge of Americans in dealing with China over the last one hundred years was to influence, educate and change China to its liking. Although American cultural influence has been quite visible in China's modernization, China takes its own course beyond the control of the United States. In dealing with each other neither side could help placing hopes on the other: different Chinese groups hoping for American help and Americans hoping to change China. As for rulers of different Chinese administrations, they wavered between seeking American support in China's economic development and resentment of America's cultural influence. Therefore, the relationship was marked with repeated mutual hopes and disappointments. Compared with the pre-1989 period, at present the admiration of the bulk of Chinese for the U.S. has receded and resentment of American pressure on China is on the rise. A normal Sino-U.S. relationship depends on the proper handling of this ideological conflict. THE ISSUE OF CHINA'S REPRESENTATION IN THE UNITED NATIONS, 1949-1950 Tao Wenzhao (30) The author comes to the following conclusions: (1) It was a consistent U.S. policy to block the People's Republic of China's entry into the UN, especially after the eruption of the Korean War; (2) In order to protect the UN's universality and representative character, its Secretary General Trygve Lie was willing to admit the PRC to the UN, and made various efforts in this regard, but his attempt was defeated by the U. S.; (3) In 1950 more and more countries came to realize that the PRC should be accepted, and it became increasingly difficult for the U.S. to control its closest allies. However, the outbreak of the Korean War, especially China's involvement in the war further reduced the possibility for China to take its legitimate seat. THE U.S. BUDGET WAR IN 1995 Jiang Jingsong (47) In 1995, the year-long fight between the U.S. Congress and the President over the 1996 federal budget was unprecedentedly intense and showed profoundly the extreme to which the relations between the two with different policies could go under a system of checks and balances. The article first makes a transnational comparison, expounding why a U.S. budget war could happen, then reports its process and finally offers comments thereon, expressing some notable points of view. U.S. COUNTERPROLIFERATION STRATEGY Zhang Yeliang (76) Counterproliferation is a brand-new strategic concept dealing with the present and future threats of weapons of mass destruction and means to deliver them in the post-Cold War period. The author gives a detailed analysis of how and why counter-proliferation is brought into being and makes a summary of and comments on the strategy's basic content and the prospect of its implementation. Basing on these, he continues to discuss its essentials and strategic intents, showing links and differences between counterproliferation and traditional nonproliferation. THE SHAPING OF NEW CHINA'S U.S. POLICY Niu Jun (94) This article discusses the guiding principles of the Chinese Communist leaders in making their foreign policies, the internal and external environments they were faced with, and the influence of its contact with America on its U.S. policy on the eve of the founding of New China. Two conclusions are drawn. First, in the course of policy formulation, Chinese Communist leaders already had steadfast views of the world situation and New China's diplomacy patterns. New China's U.S. policy was a reaction to the policies of the United States and to a great extent a reflection of the inherent trend of the Chinese revolutionary movement. Second, considering Chinese Communist party's policy-making as a whole, its policy towards America was not the first priority. Rather, it was subordinate to the needs of domestic political struggles and Beijing's diplomacy towards the Soviet Union. INTERVENTION IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS: A U.S. CASE Shi Yinhong(111) Intervention in international politics refers to interfering in other countries' internal affairs. It is a direct violation of international law. Nevertheless, the reality of contemporary world politics and changes in international law fuzz up and complicate the jurisprudential judgement of the issue. Hence international intervention should not be accepted or attacked undiscriminatingly. As the United States has unique superiority over other powers, the concept of limited sovereignty it advocates becomes increasingly popular. Its post-Cold War policy of international intervention aims at seeking a set of objectives, such as preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and fighting terrorist and drug traffic activities. Its basic intentions are to globalize its democratic regime, institutionalize world politics and establish its global dominant position. PERSPECTIVES OF HOT ISSUES THE AMERICAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND READJUSTMENT OF CLINTON'S CHINA POLICY Yang Jiemian(128) ACADEMIC DIGEST NATIONALISM, OIL CRISIS, AND U.S. POLICY TOWARDS IRAN 1951-1954 Shi Bin(135) ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON “CULTURAL FACTORS IN U.S.-EAST ASIAN RELATIONS” Zhang Liping(148) NEW BOOKS(152) A GENERAL CATALOG OF ARTICLES IN AMERICAN STUDIES 1996(157) EDITOR'S NOTE(160) Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS and AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. AMERICAN STUDIES, a quarterly, is published jointly by the Chinese Association for American Studies and the Institute of American Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The content of the articles in this journal should not be construed as reflecting the views of either the Association or the Institute.