（全文见PDF版） 美 国 研 究 季 刊 1993年第3期 AMERICAN STUDIES 第7卷 9月5日出版 公司的崛起与美国经济的发展(1850-1930) 胡国成（7） 九十年代美国贸易政策趋向 张 健（32） 论现时美国的宪政危机 蒋劲松（53） 从洋务热到抵约潮 杨玉圣（77） 　　——晚清中国人美国观的一个侧面 西奥多·罗斯福与中国 李剑鸣（92） 新殖民主义的发端：二十世纪初美国对菲律宾的统治 王文良（110） 十九世纪末二十世纪初美国中产阶级妇女走向社会的动因和问题 张 聪（130） 外交中的原子 戴超武（148） 　　——评加尔·阿尔佩罗维茨的《原子外交》 “施咸荣生平与学术座谈会”在京举行 赵 梅（157） 本期责任编辑: 赵 梅 编辑出版 中华美国学 中国社会科学院美国研究所 照排 中国社会科学院美国研究所 印刷装钉 北京仰山印刷厂 发行、订阅处 中国社会科学院美国研究所 北京建国门内大街5号 刊号 ISSN1002-8986/CN11-1170／C@ 国外代号 Q1122 国外发行 中国国际图书贸易总公司 北京399信箱 定价: 国内版3.00元 国际版3.00美元（邮费在外） AMERICAN STUDIES Autumn 1993 Vol. 7, No. 3 CONTENTS THE RISE OF CORPORATIONS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN ECONOMY, 1850-1930 Hu Guocheng（7） Corporations rose in American economy in the 1850s and soon became the main form of industrial organizations. The rise and spread of corporations accelerated the development of American economy. This paper examines the process of evolution of corporations, explores the causes of their rise and their positive/negative impacts on U.S. economy, and shows the necessity of the state's intervention and regulation in corporate activities. THE TREND OF U.S. TRADE POLICY IN THE 1990s Zhang Jian（32） In pace with the evolution of world economy, the United States has made a series of readjustments in its foreign trade policy since the late 1980s. "Fair trade" has become the core of U.S. trade policy in the 1990s. However, the Clinton administration's foreign trade policy remains oriented to free trade instead of protectionism, notwithstanding its protectionist appearance. Trade frictions between America and its major trade partners may persist, but there will be no all-out trade wars caused by protectionism. THE PRESENT CRISIS OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM Jiang Jingsong（53） The American constitutional system, which has been in operation for over 200 years, has demonstrated its unique effectiveness in averting dictatorship and autocracy, but it has at the same time betrayed serious defects. Today these defects are causing a crisis which makes U.S. politicians feel deeply concerned. Among the existing Western constitutional systems, the responsible cabinet system that lays equal stress on democracy and effectiveness should deserve due consideration in the reform of American constitutional system. WESTERNIZATION AND ANTI-EXCLUSION MOVEMENT IN THE LATE QING DYNASTY Yang Yusheng（77） Though China's westernization advocates of the late Qing Dynasty were not very much concerned with the United States, they were rather interested in the American experience. The unbridled exclusion of Chinese immigrants in the United States aroused popular Chinese disillusionment with and their antipathy against the United States, which they had put hopes on. The anti-exclusion movement in China in 1905 reflected the change of Chinese perceptions of America. THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND CHINA Li Jianming（92） President Theodore Roosevelt was a tenacious racist who never treated China and Chinese people on equal footing. Hence his China policy took a distinct imperialist character. The wrong measures he adopted in dealing with Japanese-Russian conflicts, railway ownership issues, and the Chinese boycott of American goods spoiled Sino-American relations. This was a grave failure in his China policy. THE EMERGENCE OF NEO-COLONIALISM: U.S. RULE OF THE PHILIPPINES IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY Wang Wenliang（110） The United States was the founder of neo-colonialism. Its neo-colonialism policy was fully displayed in its rule over the Philippines. This policy was later followed by all imperialist countries and became a significant historical feature of the times. SOCIALIZATION OF AMERICAN MIDDLE-CLASS WOMEN AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURIES Zhang Cong（130） The turn of the centuries was an important period of the history of American women. Material progress, shrinking family size and impacts of reform on women's family life not only liberated women's bodies, but also provided them with opportunities of participating in social activities. American women finally won the right to vote. Nevertheless, restricted by certain factors, American women's movement of that time also partook of unripeness. ATOMIC WEAPONS AND DIPLOMACY A book review of Gar Alperovitz's Atomic Diplomacy. Dai Chaowu（148） A MEETING ON MR. SHI XIANRONG'S LIFE AND SCHOLARSHIP Zhao Mei（157） AMERICAN STUDIES, a quarterly, is published jointly by the Chinese Association for American Studies, and the Institute of American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The content of the articles in this journal should not be construed as reflecting the views either of the Association or the Institute.