（全文见PDF版） 美 国 研 究 季 刊 1990年第3期 AMERICAN STUDIES 第4卷 9月25日出版 既合作又争斗的伙伴 吴展（7） 　　——论美日关系 美国对苏政策中的中国因素 张也白（24） 美台“共同防御条约”的酝酿过程 苏格（47） 跨世纪的美国经济 李国友（73） 告别凯恩斯时代 萧琛（83） 　　——论美国税制改革 威廉·亨利·西沃德和美国亚太扩张政策 徐国琦（97） 农业人口外迁与美国的城市化 陈奕平（114） 代役租初探 杨玉圣（131） 　　——美国殖民地时期封建残余研究之一 美国高等教育发展的特点和趋势 龚淑林（148） 本期责任编辑: 金灿荣 编辑出版 中华美国学 中国社会科学院美国研究所 照排 中国社会科学院美国研究所 印刷装钉 北京新华印刷厂 发行、订阅处 中国社会科学院美国研究所 北京建国门内大街5号 刊号 ISSN1002-8986/CN11-1170／C@ 国外代号 Q1122 国外发行 中国国际图书贸易总公司 北京399信箱 定价: 国内版1.75元 国际版2.50美元（邮费在外） AMERICAN STUDIES Fall 1990 Vol. 4, No. 3 CONTENTS THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN: COOPERATION AND COMPETITION Wu Zhan（7） Trade competition and the rise of nationalism are sources of conflicts between the United States and Japan. Still the political, economic and military relations are such that close cooperation is the more important characteristic. In the future, the world is unlikely to see domination by the United States or Japan alone or co-hegemony by the two together; it will become even more multipolarized. THE CHINA FACTOR IN AMERICA'S SOVIET POLICY Zhang Yebai（24） The China factor has been an important consideration in the making of America's policy towards the Soviet Union in the post-war period. Its importance, however, is limited and subject to the changes in the U.S.-Soviet relations. In the late 1970s, owing to the Soviet threat in the world, the China factor figured more importantly. With the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations today, the importance has been on the decline. THE MAKING OF THE U.S.-TAIWAN MUTUAL DEFENSE TREATY Su Ge（47） The suggestion for a treaty first came from Taiwan. It caused heated debates within the U.S. government, even though defending Taiwan was consistent with the overall strategic goal of the United States. This was typical of the dilemma characteristic of U.S. foreign policy after the war: a desire to set up a "mutual defense system" on the one hand and an unwillingness to be involved too deeply on the other. AMERICAN ECONOMY AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY Li Guoyou（73） The key to a sustained U.S. economic growth is to reduce government deficits and raise productivity. The U.S. will never be the hegemonic economic power it once was after the war. But the decline of its relative superiority has stopped. The mentality of the entrepreneurs and the masses are of critical importance for the future of U.S. economy. Compared with other countries, the United States has an edge in these two aspects. AMERICA'S TAX REFORM: FAREWELL TO THE KEYNESIAN ERA Xiao Chen（83） The 1986 tax reform was the first tax overhaul based on a non-Keynesian theory. It has eliminated certain tax breaks, restored to a certain extent the progressiveness of the tax system which had been lost due to inflation and improved the environment for free competition. On the whole, however, the effects of the tax reform on the economy have been limited. WILLIAM HENRY SEWARD AND AMERICA'S EXPANSION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION Xu Guoqi（97） Seward's expansionism was to move to the Asia-Pacific region and set up a Pacific Empire. The purchase of Alaska and the "me too" policy towards China were examples of this policy in practice. Lack of capabilities, internal disputes on the policy and the Civil War prevented the realization of Seward's expansionist goal in the mid-19th century. However, his expansionist ideology had a direct impact on U.S. policy towards the Asia-Pacific region in the late 19th century. MIGRATION OF THE FARMING POPULATION AND AMERICA'S URBANIZATION Chen Yiping（114） Agricultural revolution, industrial revolution, the attraction of urban civilization and the development of transportation were the major reasons why great numbers of farmers moved to the city from the early 19th to the mid-20th century. This migration led to the urbanization of the United States. However, the rapid speed of urbanization has brought about such problems as traffic congestion, pollution, the rise of crime rates and the soaring of real estate prices. THE QUITRENT: FEUDAL REMNANTS IN COLONIAL AMERICA Yang Yusheng（131） The quitrent system had a profound impact on colonial America. Internally, the anti-quitrent movement fought the feudal remnants on the new continent. Externally, it was part of the struggle against the British colonial rule. The movement can be regarded as a preview of the American revolution, and it was the success of the revolution which ended the system. U.S. HIGHER EDUCATION: CHARACTERISTICS AND FUTURE TRENDS Gong Shulin（148） The United States was the first in the world to emphasize higher education, to create the land-grant colleges and state universities, to reform the elitist education system, and to develop graduate education and education management. Future trends will include a focus on interdisciplinary courses and on the combination of education, research and production. AMERICAN STUDIES, a quarterly, is published jointly by the Chinese Association for American Studies, and the Institute of American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The content of the articles in this journal should not be construed as reflecting the views either of the Association or the Institute.