2013年的美国内政外交与中美关系

                            2014《美国研究报告》总报告撰写组*

摘要：

       2013年第二任期以来，奥巴马政府并未摆脱府会分立、政党极化的政治窘况，国内有关联邦财政债务上限、政府关门、监听丑闻、医改的争议愈演愈烈，这直接制约了奥巴马的政策议程，使其政策导向呈现出明显的“内向化”趋势。正是基于这一背景，奥巴马政府在处理反恐战争、叙利亚问题、伊朗核问题以及乌克兰局势等方面都更多倾向于减少国际承诺、将责任与负担转嫁给全球和地区盟友、从而维持美国的国际领导形象，即“多边收缩”的战略倾向。在这种倾向的引导下，美国开始更多通过外交而非军事手段“管理”在国际和热点区域中的困境。在中美双边关系上，习奥“庄园会晤”为中美关系的发展确立了方向，两国在过去一年中实现了更为丰富而高层次的合作，政治、经贸、军事等方面的交流更为务实而直率。在奥巴马政府持续强化亚太再平衡战略的压力下，中国周边地区安全议题愈益复杂，这也考验着中美两国建构新型大国关系过程中互相尊重的承诺与分歧管控的能力。

关键词：奥巴马第二任期、内政外交，中美关系

Inwardness : American Domestic and Foreign Policy in 2013

Abstract: Confronted with the partisan polarization and divided government in his second term, President Obama has struggled with issues such as federal debt ceiling, government shutdown, NSA scandal, and Obamacare controversy. The political stalemate forced President Obama to take a inward turn in his political agenda. Under such context, the Obama administration is inclined to reduce its international commitments by withdrawing its troops in Afghanistan, reaching the Syria chemical weapons deal, negotiating an interim agreement with Iran over its nuclear program, reacting cautiously to the Ukraine situation. By doing so, the United States passed the responsibility and burden to the global and regional allies to maintain the U.S. international leadership image. This is called “multilateral retrenchment” strategy. With the guidance of this strategy, the Obama administration preferred diplomatic rather than military approaches in managing the international and regional issues. For the part of Sino-US relations, following the route mapped out by the "Sunnylands Summit", the two countries achieved a lot extensive, and pragmatic high-level cooperation in political, economic, military and other issues. Meanwhile, Obama administration's Asia-Pacific rebalancing strategy not only further complicated the security issues involving China, but also posed challenges for the two countries’ commitments in building a new type of major power relationship.