The Restructuring of American Defense Industry after the End of the Cold War（He Qisong） After the end of the Cold War, American defense industry underwent restructuring. Huge defense contractors emerged, dual use of military and civilian production was integrated, and international cooperation in weaponry was introduced. The reason for such restructuring is multifaceted. It is due to the overproduction in the defense industry, a legacy of the Cold War. It is also out of the wish of maintaining superiority in military technology. The change in the perception of national security and the need of military transformation also play a role. The restructuring of the defense industry also has made a great impact on the United States and the rest of the world. It provides conditions for the United States to maintain its superpower status in the foreseeable future and expands the influence of big defenseoriented corporations on national policies. But, at the same time, it also brings a new security dilemma.