AMERCIAN STUDIES QUARTERLY Volume 17Number 3Fall 2003 Wang Jisi Hu Guocheng Zhao Mei Editor Associate Editor Managing Editor Board of Advisers Chen Baosen, Chen Xiaogong, Deng Shusheng, Ding Xinghao, Dong Hengxun, Gu Guoliang, Jin Canrong, Li Daokui, Mao Yushi, Niu Jun, Tao Wenzhao, Wang Xi, Wang Yizhou, Wu Zhan, Yang Yusheng, Yuan Ming, Zhang Youlun, Zhang Yuyan, Zhao Yifan, Zhou Qi, Zhu Shida, Zi Zhongyun AERMICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY is published jointly by the Chinese Association for American Studies and the Institute of American Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The content of the articles in this journal should not be construed as reflecting the views of either the Association or the Institute. MANUSCRIPTS SHOULD BE SENT TO: American Studies Quarterly at the Institute of American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Addr. Dong Yuan, No. 3 Zhang Zizhong Rd., Beijing 100007, China). SUSCRIPTIONS: call (8610) 6400-0071 Fax: (8610) 6400-0021 Email: zhaomei@cass.org.cn http://www.mgyj.com ISSN1002-8986Copyright 2003 American Studies Quarterly Printed in Beijing, China AMERICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY Fall 2003Vol. 17, No. 3 ARTICLES The Logic of American HegemonyWang Jisi (7) This article argues that the highly unified value system centered on “freedom” provides the domestic ideological basis for Americas hegemonic behavior in the world. The American democratic institutions under this unified ideology give shape to a “tyranny of the majority” in American society, which conduces to the assault on real differences in American perceptions of the world and foreign policy thinking. The amplified ethnic pluralism in recent decades has reinforced the American nationalism based on a shared value system rather than on racism. Global Structural Conflict and the Legitimacy Crisis of American Hegemony: Interpretation of World Politics after the Iraq WarZhang Shengjun(30) Against the background of globalization, the article analyzes the nature and characteristics of the Iraq War and its relevance to global power structure. The author holds that the Iraq War is not a continuation of the Gulf War, but an entirely new war under globalization. The Iraq War has shaken the international law system. The redirection of world politics will plunge Americas global hegemony into a deeper legitimacy crisis. The Poverty of the Theory of Hegemonic Cycles: An Analysis of Whether American Hegemony Is Going DownhillGuo Xuetang(42) Owing to the rise and fall of powers and new changes in international security, there emerges the poverty of the theory of hegemonic cycles. Emerging powers cannot be equated to challenging powers. The coexistence of great power cooperation and the strengthening of American hegemony becomes the salient feature of international political development at the turn of the 21st century. Under the condition of economic globalization and the deepening of interdependence in national security, it is entirely possible to avoid great power conflict and to realize peaceful change of hegemony. The Dilemma of Hegemony: The Myth of “Pax Americana” and “New Empire”Pan Zhongqi(52) The Sept.11 terrorist attacks and the development thereafter have brought about the disparity between strength and national security. The friction between international multilateralism and American unilateralism becomes the major conflict that will decide future direction of relations among big powers and the development of the international system. The advocates of “Pax Americana” and “New Empire” advocates overlook the new reality in history, which is that the rise of power does not necessarily bring about corresponding increase of security. They are only weaving a modern myth. Future world peace can only be “peace under multilateral coordination.” How Far Can A Lonely Hegemon Go?Ding Xinghao and Deng Fan(65) With the end of the Iraq War and the fall of Saddam Hussein, the United States won a military victory. Politically, however, the United States got into trouble and its soft power has obviously been weakened. The Bush Administration is in a dilemma. On the one hand, it wants to maintain its hegemonic position; on the other, under domestic and foreign pressure it has to make certain tactical adjustment. While still clinging to unilateralism on the basis of power, it will not rule out political and diplomatic solutions at possible times and in possible places. From “Offensive” to “Defensive”: The Role Change of American Public DiplomacyTang Xiaosong and Wang Yiwei(74) Public diplomacy refers to a diplomatic form of the government of a country towards the public of other countries. During the Cold War period, it served as an offensive strategic weapon, making contribution to winning the Cold War. It was pushed aside for a while after the end of the Cold War but was picked up again after the Sept.11 attacks to deal with the problem of “why they hate America.” The main target of public diplomacy is the Muslim world, and the diplomacy assumes a strong defensive and emergency feature. However, the Bush Administrations “preemption” strategy is reducing the ineffectiveness in communicating with the rest of the world. Thoughts on Americanization and Global Multicultural DevelopmentWang Xiaode(87) “Americanization” has become a global phenomenon that many countries cannot avoid encountering. This article first explores the origin and basic content of “Americanization.” It then analyzes the historical evolution of “Americanization” and shows the great challenge “Americanization” poses to countries all over the world after the end of the Cold War. “Americanization” does produce pounding effect on the development of culture in other countries but it does not bring about singularity and unison in global cultural development. The Fame of George Washington and Its OriginsZhang Guang(105) Drawing on relevant comments by Washingtons contemporaries like Thomas Jefferson and studies by presentday researchers, this essay explores the origins of the fame of Washington as one of the greatest presidents in the United States. It argues that Washingtons position in history is grounded on his choice of avoiding relinquishing his post as the commandinchief of the continental army after the war for independence and on his refusal to run for a third term of presidency. This essay demonstrates that the character of Washington and the republican political system adopted by the newlyborn United States together shaped Washingtons choice of avoiding the abuse of power. RESPONSE AND DISCOURSE From Responsible Citizenship to Responsible Global CitizenshipRen Donglai(121) REVIEWS Foreign Economic Strategy as a Component Part of Grand Strategy: A Review and Related Thoughts on American Foreign Economic Strategy by Zhang MinqianShi Yinhong and Song Dexing(129) Constructive Criticism and Systemic Invention: After Reading Dilemma in Election: Popular Election System and Criticism of the Constitutional Reform by Zhao XinshuYuan Zheng(137) A Modernistic Perspective: Comments on Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction by John TomlinsonDai Xiaodong(142) ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES Symposium of “Review and Perspective of Arms Control in the Post Cold War Era”Fan Jishe(152) The Youth Forum of 2003Yu Wanli(154) New Books(158) Editors Note(160) Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life.